自然禪學會建安靈芝培養場
Jian'an Ganoderma lucidum Cultivation Center of Natural Zen Society
靈芝 (Reishi Mushroom)
The Reishi - also known by the name of
Lingzhi and scientifically named Ganoderma Lucidum
歷史簡介（蔡夫子譯）
最早記載於漢代散文詩《西京賦》，這種蘑菇原本是作為“長生不老藥”食用的，如果連續服用可以延年益壽 [2] - 然而，由於這種蘑菇在中國極為罕見野生的，只生長在每 10,000 棵樹中大約兩到三棵樹的基部或樹樁上，在那個時代不可能每天食用。因此，這種蘑菇通常被中國皇室留作藥用，描繪它的藝術品可以在紫禁城和頤和園中找到。今天，它通常在硬木原木或鋸末上可持續種植。It was first recorded in the prose poem "Xijing Fu" of the Han Dynasty. This mushroom was originally eaten as an "eternal medicine". If it is taken continuously, it can prolong life. [2]-However, this mushroom is extremely rare in China and only grows in the wild About two to three of the 10,000 trees had their bases or stumps, and it was impossible to eat them every day at that time. Therefore, this mushroom is usually reserved for medicinal purposes by the Chinese imperial family, and artworks depicting it can be found in the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace. Today, it is usually sustainably grown on hardwood logs or sawdust.
營養信息
雖然您可以生吃這種蘑菇，但由於其具有橡膠般的軟木質地，許多人更喜歡將其製成粉末狀食用，因為它的烹飪用途更廣泛，而且其風味使其用途廣泛；因此，以下信息與粉狀靈芝有關。
靈芝蘑菇是抗氧化劑、礦物質和大量營養素的極好來源，儘管不是動物性的，但還是蛋白質的良好來源。 [3]
https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0239/4492/1152/files/Screen_Shot_2019-12-13_at_11.10.47_AM_large.png?v=1576264511
靈芝每 100 克含有 19.5 毫克的蛋白質 - 比更常見的平菇高 16.3%。與其他植物性食物不同，蘑菇的蛋白質效率比非常好。
Lingzhi contains 19.5 mg of protein per 100 grams-16.3% higher than the more common oyster mushroom. Unlike other plant foods, mushrooms have a very good protein efficiency ratio.
https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0239/4492/1152/files/Screen_Shot_2019-12-13_at_11.16.26_AM_large.png?v=1576264601
蘑菇可以含有理想水平的營養重要礦物質，靈芝是食用蘑菇中特別好的鉀來源。由於靈芝通常以粉末形式存在，並且由於其風味特徵（有些帶有鮮味的苦味），這種蘑菇可以很容易地增加某些食物的營養成分，同時平衡口味——它特別適合任何甜點，因為微苦的鮮味有助於以與橙皮類似的方式使強烈的甜味變得醇厚（在我們的健康庫中查看靈芝蘑菇的食譜）。Ganoderma is a particularly good source of potassium in edible mushrooms. Since Ganoderma is usually in powder form, and due to its flavor characteristics (some with umami bitterness), this mushroom can easily increase the nutritional content of certain foods.
也許最重要的是，尤其是在純素飲食中，靈芝是複合維生素 B 和氨基酸的重要來源。一般來說，蘑菇是氨基酸的重要來源，包含所有必需的氨基酸，並消除了每天嘗試將各種植物來源納入飲食以滿足相同標準的麻煩。 [4]雖然 B 族維生素通常存在於肉類中，但由於來自真菌而非植物界，蘑菇是少數可以找到的優質 B 族維生素來源之一。特別是靈芝，像平菇一樣，是主要復合維生素 B 的完整來源，並含有硫胺素、核黃素、葉酸和菸酸。添加任何形式的靈芝這樣的蘑菇對於任何純素飲食或粉末形式都是有價值的，對於任何希望自然增加飲食中 B 族維生素含量的人來說，這將是一種簡單的方法，而無需單獨服用補充藥丸。 Mushrooms are one of the few sources of high-quality B vitamins that can be found. In particular, Ganoderma lucidum, like Pleurotus ostreatus, is a complete source of the main vitamin B complex and contains thiamine, riboflavin, folic acid and niacin. Adding mushrooms such as Ganoderma lucidum in any form is valuable for any vegan diet or powder form. For anyone who wants to naturally increase the B vitamin content in their diet, this will be a simple method without the need to take them separately Supplement pills.3]
最後一種靈芝維生素是維生素 D。靈芝一旦暴露在陽光下曬乾，就會產生大量的維生素 D[5]，這是一種有助於保持皮膚健康的重要維生素，其中可能導致疲勞如果低。它也是免疫系統的主要營養素，因為它被大量用於生產白細胞。然而，儘管它很重要，但在美國抽樣的人中有超過三分之一 (39.92%，2011-2012) 存在缺陷，部分原因是飲食 [6]。靈芝粉是一種提高飲食中維生素 D 水平的簡單方法。
其他潛在好處
靈芝可以幫助免疫系統，而不僅僅是在飲食中添加維生素 D。在靈芝中，硒是某些白細胞形成的關鍵營養素，它被生物轉化為含硒的蛋白質，優先形成 T 和 B 淋巴細胞。 [7]這使得靈芝成為一種可以幫助調節免疫系統的適應原。
靈芝的另一個潛在適應性益處是平衡情緒。儘管與靈芝對免疫系統的益處相比，研究和結論較少，但有一些證據表明靈芝含有可以改善情緒的化合物。在一項針對 48 名接受內分泌治療的癌症患者對靈芝孢子的影響進行的小型試點研究中，給予孢子的治療組報告說，他們的焦慮和沮喪感減輕了，疲勞感也減輕了，TNF-α（腫瘤壞死因子）水平較低。 α，一種參與全身炎症的細胞信號蛋白（細胞因子）和較低水平的 IL-6（白細胞介素 6 是一種白細胞介素，它既是促炎細胞因子又是抗炎肌因子——在這種情況下，pro-測量了炎症細胞因子效應），如在
First recorded in the Han
Dynasty prose-poem titled “Xijing Fu” (西京賦), this mushroom was originally
eaten as an “immortality herb” that could extend life if taken
continuously [2] - however, since this mushroom is extremely rare in
the wild, only growing on the base or stumps of about two or three out of every
10,000 trees, it would not have been possible to consume daily in those times.
Hence, this mushroom was typically reserved for medicinal use by Chinese
royalty, and artwork depicting it can be found in the Forbidden City and the
Summer Palace. Today, it is commonly sustainably grown on hardwood logs or
sawdust.
Nutritional Information
Although you can eat this
mushroom raw, due to its rubbery, cork-like texture, many prefer to consume it
in powdered form, as it is more versatile to cook with and its flavor allows it
to be used in a wide variety of ways; thus the following information relates to
Reishi mushrooms in its powdered form.
Reishi mushrooms are an
excellent source of antioxidants, minerals and macro nutrients, and are a good
source of protein despite not being animal-based.[3]
Reishi contains a good 19.5mg of protein per 100 grams - 16.3% higher than the more commonly found oyster mushroom. And unlike other plant based foods, the protein efficiency ratio of mushrooms is pretty good.
Mushrooms can contain ideal levels of nutritionally important minerals, with Reishi being a particularly good source of potassium among edible mushrooms. Due to Reishi typically being found in powdered form and thanks to its flavor profile (some bitterness with umami notes), this mushroom can be an easy way to boost the nutrient profile of certain foods while balancing tastes - it would especially be ideal for any desserts, as the slight bitter umami flavors would help mellow out intense sweetness in a similar way as orange zest (Check out recipes with Reishi mushroom in our wellness library).
Perhaps most importantly,
especially if on a vegan diet, is that Reishi is a great source of B-complex
vitamins and amino acids. Mushrooms in general are great sources of amino
acids, containing all the necessary ones needed and eliminating the hassle of
trying to incorporate a wide variety of plant based sources daily into one’s
diet in order to meet the same criteria.[4] Although B vitamins are normally
found in meat, mushrooms, due to being from the fungi rather than plant kingdom,
are one of the few sources of quality B vitamins that can be found. Reishi in
particular, like the oyster mushroom, is a complete source of the primary B
complex vitamins, and contain thiamine, riboflavin, folic acid and
niacin. Adding a mushroom like Reishi in any form would be valuable to any
vegan diet, or in powdered form, would be an easy way for anyone looking to
increase the amount of B vitamins in their diet naturally without having to
take a separate supplementary pill.
The last vitamin of note
in Reishi I’d like to cover is vitamin D. Reishi, once exposed to the sun and
dried, produces considerable amounts of D vitamin[5], an important vitamin that helps maintain
skin health and of which can cause fatigue if low. It is also a primary
nutrient for the immune system, as it is heavily used in the production of
white blood cells. Yet, despite its importance, over a third of those sampled
(39.92%, 2011-2012) in the USA are deficient, in part due to diet [6]. Powdered Reishi can be an easy way
to give one’s diet a boost in Vitamin D levels.
Other Potential Benefits
Reishi can help the immune
system with potentially more than by just adding vitamin D into a diet.
In Reishi, selenium, a key nutrient in the formation of certain white blood
cells, is biotransformed into Selenium containing proteins, which is
preferential in the formation of T- and B- Lymphocytes.[7] This makes Reishi an adaptogen that
can help modulate the immune system.
Another potential
adaptogenic benefit of Reishi is in balancing mood. Although less researched
and conclusive than Reishi’s benefits on the immune system, there is some
evidence that Reishi contains compounds that can improve mood. In one small
pilot study of 48 cancer patients undergoing endocrine therapy on the effects
of Reishi spore, the group given the spore reported feeling less anxious and
depressed, as well as had less fatigue, and had lower levels of TNF-α (Tumor
necrosis factor alpha, a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic
inflammation) and lower levels of IL-6 (Interleukin 6 is an interleukin that
acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine - in
this case, the pro-inflammatory cytokinic effects were measured), as can be
seen in the charts below:[8]
The sample size was small, however, and the patients had breast cancer as well which could have effects, so further research would be needed.
(Note: I would like
to emphasize on this point that although there are studies of refined compounds
in Reishi possibly treatingspecific types of cancer tumors, this
study wasnot about using Reishi to treat cancer - just to see if
Reishispores could improve mood in a population that is prone to
being in a poor mood - breast cancer patients).
A newer study does
reinforce the possibility of Reishi having mood improving potential however, as
the newer study, using Reishi’s mycelium (MAK) on rats, noted improvements in
the rats after submitting them through a series of stressful tasks.[9] Ultimately, more research is needed
is still needed into this, but overall Reishi spores / mycelia may have
positive effects on mood.
Conclusion
Reishi Mushroom is a great
food to incorporate into a diet, with its powdered form making it versatile to
use in cooking or for quick smoothies or even as a part of supplementary
powders made at home or purchased. It can add some extra vitamin D, and it is
especially useful in Vegan diets, providing the full spectrum of B complex
vitamins despite not being an animal product. Reishi’s possible
immune-regulating effects are an added plus as well, helping you stay healthy
and productive!
https://peakandvalley.co/blogs/wellness-library/the-nutritional-profile-of-reishi-mushroom-health-benefits-history
靈芝的營養價值Ganoderma/
1、靈芝含有多種氨基酸，蛋白質，生物堿、香豆精、甾類、三萜類、揮發油、甘露醇、樹脂及糖類、維生素B2、維生素C、內酯和酶類。硬脂酸、延胡索酸、苯甲酸等為其所含酸內的主要成分。Ganoderma contains a variety of amino acids, protein, biotin, coumarin, steroids, triterpenoids, volatile oil, mannitol, resins and sugars, vitamin B2, vitamin C, lactones and enzymes. Stearic acid, fumaric acid, benzoic acid, etc. are the main components of the acid contained in it.
4.靈芝中的生物鹼可以抗炎鎮痛；靈芝可以理氣化淤、安氣益神；靈芝孢子粉能止血、排毒、抗氧。The alkaloids in Ganoderma lucidum can be anti-inflammatory and analgesic; Ganoderma lucidum can regulate qi, dissolve silt, soothe qi and nourish the nerves; Ganoderma spore powder can stop bleeding, detoxify, and resist oxygen.
5
目前，已從靈芝中分離到160餘種化合物，共
多糖體Polysaccharide
多醣在體內發揮著巨大的作用。 多醣，有時也稱為“聚醣”，有兩個作用：有些，如澱粉或糖原，有助於儲存我們從食用食物中獲得的能量。 其他幫助細胞結構。 用於儲存的多醣的一個常見例子是纖維素。
Polysaccharides play a huge role in the body. Polysaccharides, sometimes called “glycans”, have two roles: some, like starch or glycogen, help store the energy we gain from consuming food. Others help with cell structure. One common example of a polysaccharide used for storage is cellulose.
核苷類 Nucleoside
Nucleosides are glycosylamines that can be thought of as nucleotides without a phosphate group.
三萜類
Triterpenes are a class of chemical compounds composed of
three terpene units
with the molecular formula C30H48; they may also be thought of as consisting of six isoprene units. The triterpenes (AKA essential oils) in the
mushrooms may also inhibit the development and
metastasis of tumors.
1.
靈芝酸 B 和 C
(ganoderic acid B and C)
Ganoderic acid, a triterpinoid found in the
reishi mushroom, in the inhibition of the development and metastasis of tumors.
The same triterpenes
that displayed anti-cancer properties in other studies appear to aid the release
of free radicals and promote liver cell regeneration.
呋喃類Furan
What is furan and why is it in coffee and other foods?
Dr. Winter: Furan is a naturally-occurring chemical that has been found at low levels in several food items. Scientists believe that its origin in food is likely as a breakdown product from traditional heat treatment processes such as cooking and canning.
Furan has been identified as a “possible human carcinogen.” Does that mean it is dangerous?
甾醇類Sterol
植物甾醇存在於蔬菜、水果、小麥胚芽、全穀物、豆類、向日葵等植物中
種子和許多植物油。 植物甾醇可以幫助降低您的低密度脂蛋白膽固醇或“壞”膽固醇。 一個
高 LDL-C 會增加您患心髒病的風險。 儘管許多植物性食物含有植物甾醇，你可能沒有吃足夠的植物性食物來降低你的 LDL-C。 你可能需要吃一些補充植物甾醇的食物，以獲得降低 LDL-C 量。
生物鹼類、alkaloid
碱大都是氨基酸的衍生物，尝起来有苦涩味。
胺基酸蛋白質類
油脂類
無機離子Inorganic ions
In animals and plants are ions necessary for vital cellular activity.[1] In body tissues, ions are also known as electrolytes, essential for the electrical activity needed to support muscle contractions and neuron activation. They contribute to osmotic pressure of body fluids as well as performing a number of other important functions.動物和植物中的離子是重要細胞活動所必需的營養素。 在身體組織中，離子也稱為電解質，它與肌肉收縮和神經元激活所需的電活動至關重要。 它們有助於體液的滲透壓的形成以及執行許多其他重要功能。
· Ca2+ – calcium ions are a component of bones and teeth. They also function as biological messengers, as do most of the ions listed below. Ca2+ – 鈣離子是骨骼和牙齒的組成部分。它們還充當生物信使，就像下面列出的大多數離子一樣。見低鈣血症
- zinc ions are found in very small concentrations in the body, and their main purpose is that of an antioxidant; the zinc ions act as antioxidants both generally and for liver specific prooxidants.Zinc ions can also act as an antioxidant-like stabilizer for some macro-molecules which bind zinc ions with high affinity, especially in cysteine-rich binding sites. These binding sites use these zinc ions as a stabilizer to protein folds, making these protein motifs more rigid in structure. These structures include zinc fingers, and have several different conformations. Zn2+ - 鋅離子在體內的濃度非常低，它們的主要用途是抗氧化劑；鋅離子通常作為抗氧化劑和肝臟特異性促氧化劑。鋅離子還可以作為一些大分子的抗氧化劑類穩定劑，這些大分子以高親和力結合鋅離子，尤其是在富含半胱氨酸的結合位點。這些結合位點使用這些鋅離子作為蛋白質折疊的穩定劑，使這些蛋白質基序在結構上更加剛性。這些結構包括鋅指，並有幾種不同的構象。
· K+ – potassium ions' main function in animals is osmotic balance, particularly in the kidneys. See hypokalemia.· K+ – 鉀離子在動物體內的主要功能是滲透平衡，尤其是在腎臟中。防止低鉀血症。
· Mn2+- manganese ions are seen being used as stabilizer for varying protein configurations. However, manganese ion overexposure is linked to several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Na+ – sodium ions have a similar role to potassium ions. See sodium deficiency. · Na+ – 鈉離子與鉀離子的作用相似。 Mn2+- 錳離子被認為被用作各種蛋白質構型的穩定劑。然而，錳離子過度暴露與帕金森氏病等多種神經退行性疾病有關。 Mg2+ – 鎂離子是葉綠素的組成部分。 Mg2+ – magnesium ions are a component of chlorophyll. See magnesium deficiency
肽聚糖，肽葡聚糖peptidoglycans
Peptidoglycan or murein is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like peptidoglycan layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall.肽聚醣或胞壁蛋白是由糖和氨基酸組成的聚合物，在大多數細菌的質膜外形成網狀肽聚醣層，形成細胞壁。
礦物質
Potassium
selenium硒/xī/
In Reishi, selenium, a key nutrient in
the formation of certain white blood cells, is biotransformed(轉化) into Selenium containing proteins, which is preferential
in the formation of T- and B- Lymphocytes.[7] This
makes Reishi an adaptogen（調理素） that can help
modulate the immune system.
稀有元素“鍺”(Germanium)有機鍺等
靈芝含有極豐富的稀有元素「鍺」，能使人體血液吸收氧的能力增加1.5倍，因此可以促進新陳代謝並有延緩老化的作用，還有增強皮膚本身修護功能的功效，可用於各種慢性病所致的面色黃萎及由於氣血不足而致的面部光澤等症。Ganoderma lucidum is rich in rare element "germanium", which can increase the ability of human blood to absorb oxygen by 1.5 times, so it can promote metabolism, delay aging, and enhance the skin's own repair function. It can be used in various chronic diseases. Vitality caused by the complexion and facial luster due to lack of qi and blood embolism.
Germanium（鍺） is a chemical element that can be found in trace amounts in some ores and carbon-based materials. Some people promote it as a treatment for HIV and AIDS, cancer, and other conditions.
But the purported health benefits of germanium haven’t been supported by research. Germanium can also cause serious side effects, including potentially life-threatening kidney damage.
蛋白質
多糖體、核苷類、三萜類、多肽被認為是靈芝神草的「魂寶」，為各國生物學家、真菌學家、藥物學家研究的焦點。靈芝的苦味成分屬於三萜。
原文網址：https://kknews.cc/health/r9kxyzn.html
維他命B群，氨基酸，B-complex vitamins
and amino acids
· Benefits:
· Benefits:
considerable amounts of D vitamin[5], an
important vitamin that helps maintain skin health and of which can cause
fatigue if low. It is also a primary nutrient for the immune system, as it is
heavily used in the production of white blood cells.
considerable amounts of D vitamin[5], an
important vitamin that helps maintain skin health and of which can cause
fatigue if low. It is also a primary nutrient for the immune system, as it is
heavily used in the production of white blood cells.
β-葡聚糖
Researchers believe beta glucans（β-葡聚糖） in the mushrooms may
prevent new blood vessel growth, which is key as cancer cells need a steady
blood supply to grow. The beta-glucans found in reishi are believed to aid in the
management of diabetes. However, according to a 2015 Cochrane Review, any
studies in humans have been of low quality and there's little to no evidence
that taking reishi will have a positive effect on cardiovascular disease risk
factors in people with diabetes.4
One
human study from 2004, involving 71
adults with type 2 diabetes, concluded that
1800-milligram extract of G. lucidum was
able to significantly reduce blood glucose and HbA1C levels after 12 weeks
compared to a placebo.
Further research is needed to substantiate these findings.
綜合效用：
1. Improve immune system
reishi can affect the genes in white blood
cells, which are critical parts of your immune system.They can boost the immune system
Historically, reishi mushrooms haveen ued as an immune system enhancer—they're even used in Asian cultures as an immunostimulant for patients with HIV and cancer. The beta glucans (complex sugars) in the mushroom are believed to stimulate the immune system to prevent infection.
2. Alter inflammation pathways
some
forms of reishi may alter inflammation pathways in white blood cells。 Research
in cancer patients has shown that some of the molecules found in the mushroom
can increase the activity of a type of white blood cell called natural killer
cells In one study, the fungus improved
lymphocyte function, which helps fight infections and cancer, in athletes exposed
to stressful conditions
some forms of reishi may alter inflammation pathways in white blood cells。 Research in cancer patients has shown that some of the molecules found in the mushroom can increase the activity of a type of white blood cell called natural killer cells In one study, the fungus improved lymphocyte function, which helps fight infections and cancer, in athletes exposed to stressful conditions
3. Anti-Cancer
Properties
Many people consume this fungus due to its
potential cancer-fighting properties (11, 12Trusted Source).
In fact, one study of over 4,000 breast
cancer survivors found that around 59% consumed reishi mushroom (13Trusted Source).
Additionally, several test-tube studies have
shown that it can lead to the death of cancer cells (14Trusted Source, 15Trusted Source, 16Trusted Source).
Yet the results of these studies do not
necessarily equate to effectiveness in animals or humans.
Some research has investigated if reishi
could be beneficial for prostate cancer due to its effects on the hormone testosterone (17, 18Trusted Source).
While one case study showed that molecules
found in this mushroom may reverse prostate cancer in humans, a larger
follow-up study did not support these findings (19Trusted Source, 20Trusted Source).
Reishi mushroom has also been studied for its
role in preventing or fighting colorectal cancer (2Trusted Source, 21Trusted Source).
Some research showed that one year of
treatment with reishi decreased the number and size of tumors in the large
intestine (21Trusted Source).
What’s more, a detailed report of multiple
studies indicated that the mushroom can beneficially affect cancer patients (22Trusted Source).
These benefits included increasing the
activity of the body’s white blood cells, which help fight cancer, and
improving quality of life in cancer patients.
However, researchers state that reishi should
be administered in combination with traditional treatment rather than replacing
it (22Trusted Source).
What’s more, many of the studies of reishi
mushroom and cancer were not high-quality. Because of this, much more research
is needed (11, 23Trusted Source).
SUMMARY Although
reishi mushroom appears to hold some promise for cancer prevention or
treatment, more information is needed before it becomes part of standard
therapy. However, it may be appropriate to use in addition to normal care in
some cases
Numerous studies have
been done on reishi mushrooms' effect on cancer cells. The results have been
intriguing—one small study in the Journal of Oncology found
that tumors shrunk in three cancer
patients that were taking reishi mushrooms. Researchers believe beta
glucans（β-葡聚糖） in the mushrooms may
prevent new blood vessel growth, which is key as cancer cells need a steady
blood supply to grow. The triterpenes (AKA essential oils) in the
mushrooms may also inhibit the development and metastasis
of tumors. Additional
research indicates that the mushrooms could alleviate chemotherapy-induced
nausea and improve the efficacy of radiation therapy.
That said, if you're currently undergoing cancer treatment, be
sure to check in with your doctor before adding reishi mushrooms to your
routine, as they may interact with your protocol.
In 2011, a review of reishi mushrooms’ use in cancer treatment expanded
on these findings, suggesting that bioactive compounds
within the fungus may actually seek out and eradicate existing cancerous cells
within the body. The research surrounding the impact reishi mushrooms has on
cancer is pretty promising, so why not give it a try?
In the lab, reishi has been shown to kill tumor
cells and boost the activity of immune cells such
as natural killer cells (NK), T-cells, B-cells, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and phagocytes (which
ingest other cells).
A 2016
review of studies from the University of Maryland evaluated five clinical
trials involving the use of G. lucidum in
treating cancer. The results of the studies were largely mixed and often
contradictory.5
Among
some of the findings:
- An increase in
the immune response, as measured by T-cells, was relatively modest in
people taking G. lucidum,
ranging from 2% to 4%.
- One of the
reviewed studies reported an increase in NK cells; another showed no
response.
- A slightly
larger number of people on chemotherapy reported a better quality of life
when taking G. lucidum compared to
those who didn't.
- Few side
effects were reported in any of the studies.
The
investigators stated the quality of the studies ranged from low to very low.
Based on the current body of research, they concluded that there was
insufficient evidence to justify the use of G. lucidum in
the treatment of cancer.5
There are other types of medicinal mushrooms that may help strengthen your immune system which includes maitake, ganoderma, and shiitake.
4. Could Fight Fatigue and Depression
Reishi’s effects on the immune system are
often most emphasized, but it has other potential advantages as well.
These include reduced fatigue and depression,
as well as improved quality of life.
One study examined its effects in 132 people
with neurasthenia, a poorly defined condition associated with aches, pains,
dizziness, headaches and irritability (24Trusted Source).
The researchers found that fatigue was
reduced and well-being was improved after 8 weeks of taking the supplements.
Another study found that fatigue was reduced
and quality of life was improved after 4 weeks of taking reishi powder in a
group of 48 breast cancer survivors (25Trusted Source).
What’s more, the people in the study also
experienced less anxiety and depression.
While reishi mushroom may hold promise for
people with certain diseases or illnesses, it is not clear if it would benefit
those who are otherwise healthy.
SUMMARY Some
preliminary studies have shown that reishi mushroom could decrease anxiety and
depression as well as improve quality of life in those with certain medical
conditions.
Reishi mushrooms
are adaptogens, plants that help the body combat
stress. In one study of 132 patients suffering from neurasthenia 神經衰弱症(a condition characterized by physical and mental exhaustion),
consumption of a compound found in reishi mushrooms was shown to improve aches, pains, and feelings of irritability.
5. Neuroprotective properties.
Want to improve your
memory and protect your brain against some of the diseases that come with
aging? There are a number of ways to do this, and reishi mushrooms might be one
of them. In 2012, Neuropharmacology published a study that
found reishi mushrooms may have
neuroprotective effects in rodents, which could be important in
future research surrounding Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, it was shown
that reishi extract supports the production of nerve growth factor, a protein
that is vital for healthy neurological function.
6. Heart Health
One 12-week study of 26 people showed that
reishi mushroom may increase “good” HDL cholesterol and decrease triglycerides (26Trusted Source).
However, other research in healthy adults
showed no improvement in these heart disease risk factors (10Trusted Source).
Moreover, a large analysis demonstrated no
beneficial effects for heart health after examining five different studies
containing around 400 people. The researchers found that consuming reishi
mushroom for up to 16 weeks did not improve cholesterol (27Trusted Source).
Overall, more research is needed in regard to
reishi mushrooms and heart health.
7. Blood Sugar Control
Several studies have indicated that molecules
found in the reishi mushroom can decrease blood sugar in animals (28Trusted Source, 29Trusted Source).
Some preliminary research in humans reported
similar findings (30).
However, the majority of research has not
supported this benefit. After evaluating hundreds of participants, researchers
found no benefits for fasting blood sugar (27Trusted Source).
Mixed results were seen for blood sugar after
meals. In some cases, reishi mushroom lowered blood sugar, but in other cases,
it was worse than a placebo.
Again, more research is needed here as well.
8. Help regenerate the liver.
If you want to keep
your liver doing its job effectively (in other words, eliminating toxins),
trying giving reishi mushrooms a try. In, a study in Food and Chemical Toxicology used
the power of the reishi mushroom to reverse
chemical-driven liver damage in mice. The same triterpenes
that displayed anti-cancer properties in other studies appear to aid the
release of free radicals and promote liver cell regeneration.
9. Antioxidant Status
Antioxidants are molecules that can help
prevent damage to your cells (31).
Because of this important function, there is
substantial interest in foods and supplements that can enhance antioxidant status in the body.
Many claim that reishi mushroom is effective
for this purpose.
However, several studies have found no change
in the levels of two important antioxidant enzymes in the blood after consuming
the fungus for 4 to 12 weeks (10Trusted Source, 26Trusted Source).
SUMMARYA small
amount of research has shown that reishi mushroom could improve good
cholesterol or blood sugar. However, the majority of the research indicates
that it does not improve cholesterol, blood sugar or antioxidants in the body.
Some people believe that organic germanium stimulates your body’s immune system and protects healthy cells. It’s touted as a remedy for a range of conditions. For example, it’s promoted as an alternative health treatment for:
https://www.healthline.com/health/is-germanium-a-miracle-cure#uses
Reishi is purported to help control blood sugar levels, liver problems,
immune system issues, and as an antibiotic. A 2007 study from Japan, involving 18 people, reported that a herbal
remedy containing G. lucidum was able to shorten the duration of HSV-2 (genital
herpes生殖器皰疹)
outbreak from an average of 10.9 days to 4.0 days. An earlier
study in 1998 by the same team reported that a G.
lucidum extract was able to dramatically reduced postherpetic
pain in two people with an HZV (shingles) infection and
two people with treatment-resistant HSV-2.3
The
conclusions from both of the studies are limited by their size and the lack of
qualitative measures for postherpetic pain.
There is
even less evidence supporting the antibacterial effects of reishi. Although
there have several studies demonstrating how G. lucidum can
neutralize bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus,
Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the test tube,
there is little proof that consuming a reishi extract will do the same.
Of
the available studies, an early
investigation in 1998 from Japan reported that a 2-milligram
injection of G. lucidum extract
in mice inoculated with E. coli improved
survival rates from 33 percent to over 80 percent.
Other studies have found no effect, whether the extract was delivered orally or by injection.
7. improve mood and might fend off depression.
Struggling with depression, anxiety, or
irritability? While reishi mushrooms won't cure it once and for all,
there is some evidence to suggest that eating, drinking, or taking reishi
mushroom supplements could do quite a bit to ease some of the symptoms. One
small study conducted on
132 Chinese patients with a condition called neurasthenia（神经衰弱症）, found that the group
who ingested reishi mushrooms extracts for eight weeks had improved
reports of aches, pains, and dizziness. Not only that, but their feelings of
irritability improved, suggesting that reishi mushrooms may also act as a mood
booster.. As an added bonus, this study also suggests that reishi
mushrooms can help with pain as well.
Possible Side Effects and Dangers
Reishi is
usually well-tolerated with few significant side effects. Reishi also contains
a substance that may act like a blood thinner, potentially triggering bloody
stools, nosebleeds, and easy bruising.6
Reishi should be avoided in people with bleeding disorders or
liver disease. It should not be used if you are taking anticoagulants like warfarin or are scheduled to
have surgery as it may increase the risk of bleeding.
Despite its popularity, there are those who
have questioned the safety of reishi mushroom.
Some research found that those who took
reishi mushroom for 4 months were almost two times as likely to experience a
side effect as those taking a placebo (22Trusted Source).
1. cause your blood pressure to drop
Reishi may also cause your blood pressure to
drop and should be avoided if you are taking antihypertensive medications.
Doing so may lead to hypotension (low blood pressure), triggering dizziness,
fatigue, nausea, and blurry vision.
2.
upset stomach or digestive distress
However, these effects were minor and
included a slightly increased risk of upset stomach or digestive distress. No
adverse effects on liver health were reported.
3.
detrimenal effects on the liver or kidneys
Other research also indicated that four weeks
of taking reishi mushroom extract did not produce any detrimental effects on
the liver or kidneys in healthy adults (10Trusted Source).
In contrast to these reports, significant
liver problems have been reported in two case studies (34Trusted Source, 35Trusted Source).
Both of the people in the case studies had
previously used reishi mushroom without problems but experienced adverse
effects after switching to a powdered form.
This makes it difficult to know for certain
if the mushroom itself was responsible for the observed liver damage or if
there were problems with the powdered extract.
It is also important to note that many
studies of reishi mushroom have not reported safety data, so limited
information is available overall (22Trusted Source).
Nevertheless, there are several groups of
people who should probably avoid reishi.
避食者
1.
pregnant or breastfeeding
These include those who are pregnant or
breastfeeding, have a blood disorder, will be undergoing surgery or have
2.
low blood pressure (36).
SUMMARYSome studies
of reishi mushroom have not provided safety information, but others have
reported that several months of taking it is likely safe. Nonetheless, several
cases of severe liver damage have been associated with reishi extract.
One review of studies found that reishi
mushrooms may help with boosting the immune system, but the authors would not
recommend them as a first response to cancer. A few people reported side
effects, which included:
- upset stomach
- skin rashes
- liver damage
The Bottom Line
Reishi mushroom is a popular fungus used in
Eastern medicine.
It may boost the immune system through its
effects on white blood cells, particularly in people who are ill, such as those
with cancer.
This fungus may also be able to decrease the
size and number of tumors in certain types of cancer, as well as improve
quality of life for some cancer patients.
Most human research has shown that it does
not improve cholesterol, blood sugar or
antioxidants, but it may be effective at reducing fatigue or depression in some
cases.
Other potential side effects include:
- nausea
- insomnia
- chronic diarrhea
- liver toxicity
- dryness in the mouth, throat, and nose
- itchiness
- nosebleeds
- bloody stool
Liver toxicity is a dangerous side effect
that can lead to death.
子實體Fruiting body，fruit body，sporophore
菌絲mycelium
孢子Reishi spores
靈芝味甘苦、性平，歸心、肺、肝、脾經;可養心安神，寂肺益氣，理氣化淤、滋肝健脾。主治虛勞體弱，神疲乏力，心悸失眠，頭目昏暈，久咳氣喘，食少納呆。
2、靈芝含有的“鍺”，能使人體血液吸收氧的能力增加1.5倍，因此可以促進新陳代謝並有延緩老化的作用，還有增強皮膚本身修護功能的功效，可用於各種慢性病所致的面色黃萎及由於氣血不足而致的面部光澤等癥;靈芝所含有機鍺可誘導人體產生並激活NK細胞和巨噬細胞活性，參與免疫調節。
3、靈芝中的多糖具有雙向調節機體免疫力，抗腫瘤和護肝的作用;;靈芝中的生物堿可以抗炎鎮痛;靈芝孢子粉能止血、排毒、抗氧。
靈芝孢子粉的作用
對神經衰弱的效果
據北京、武漢等有關醫院用靈芝孢子粉治療神經衰弱患者108例，30天為1個療程，連服2-3個療程。結果：患者的失眠多夢、心悸健忘、腰腿酸軟、神疲乏力、煩躁等各種癥狀有明顯改善，有效率為90%以上。
對糖尿病的效果
靈芝孢子粉具有改善胰臟血液循環，提高胰臟生理功能，降低血糖，改善糖尿病人癥狀等。據協和等醫院用靈芝孢子粉治療氣陰兩虛癥狀的糖尿病人。結果表明：應試病人用靈芝孢子粉治療後，總有效率為88.5%。
降血脂的功效
靈芝孢子粉對降低血脂有明顯功效，高血脂患者除血液中血脂含量偏高外，還伴有神疲、乏力、頭暈目眩、氣短、胸悶氣憋、食欲不良、腰酸腿軟等癥狀。
营养价值
含水分、蛋白质、粗纤维、灰分、胡萝卜素、维生素B、维生素c、烟酸、维生素E、钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、铜、磷、硒、肌红蛋白、p一胡萝卜素、海胆烯酮、鸡油菌黄质、磷质、甾醇以及葡萄糖甙、香树脂醇类等。芝含有麦角固醇、有机酸、氨基酸、葡萄糖、多糖类、树脂、甘露醇、生物碱、内酯、香豆精、水溶性蛋白质和多种酶类。
食用功效
1、抗肿瘤：它可显著提高机体的免疫功能，增强患者自身的抗癌能力。
2、保肝解毒：灵芝能促进肝脏对药物、毒物的代谢，对于中毒性肝炎有确切的疗效。
3、防治心血管疾病：灵芝可有效地扩张冠状动脉，增加冠脉血流量，增强心肌氧和能量的供给。
4、防治高血脂：有降低动脉壁胆固醇含量、软化血管、防止进一步损伤的作用。
5、防治中风：可改善局部微循环，阻止血小板聚集。这些功效对于多种类型的中风有良好的防治作用。
可改善局部微循环，阻止血小板聚集。这些功效对于多种类型的中风有良好的防治作用。
适用人群
一般人群均可食用。
1、灵芝多糖
灵芝中含有的多糖是一种非常独特的物质，也是最有益的成分之一，有很广泛的药理活性，可以显著提升人体免疫力，提高机体耐缺氧能力，帮助消除自由基，抑制肿瘤，有效的抵抗辐射，保护身体。
2、灵芝酸
灵芝算的主要作用是止痛、镇静、抑制组织胺释放，有解毒、保肝、杀灭肿瘤细胞等功效；是灵芝中重要的主要成分之一。
3、腺苷
腺苷的主要作用是降低血液粘度，抑制身体内血小板的凝聚，可以提高血液供氧能力、加速血液循环，并且提高血液对心、脑的供氧能力。
4、小分子蛋白质
这些物质进入身体后，可以对人体免疫进行一个合理的调节，主要功效是提高人体免疫力，抵抗过敏，抵抗B型肝炎等。
5、有机锗
这种物质的主要作用是提高人体血液含氧量，活化细胞的代谢功能，可以完全和身体内重金属相结合，并且有效的排泄出身体外，有抵抗衰老、延年益寿的的作用。
6、多种胺基酸及微量元素
这些元素都是人体所必须的营养元素。
灵芝的营养价值
1、无毒、无副作用；
2、适合长期服用，长服可延年益寿。
3、不特定对某器官有疗效，可以使全部器官机能正常化。
4、适合人群广泛，可养生、可治病，老少皆宜。
灵芝的功效
1、保肝解毒
灵芝泡水饮用以后，对我们的肝脏是具体非常大的保护作用的；无论是肝脏损伤前还是损伤后，大家都可以用灵芝泡水喝，对不同程度的损伤都可以起到修复的作用；并且灵芝还可以减少毒物对肝脏的影响，促进代谢，可以改善中毒性肝炎、慢性肝炎、肝功能障碍、肝硬化等，长期服用，可以有效的提高肝功能代谢能力。
2、防治高血压
灵芝泡水喝，可以有效的降低身体中胆固醇含量、脂蛋白、甘油三酯的含量，并且对预防动脉粥样硬化也有很大的防治效果。对于那些身体已经出现动脉粥样硬化的患者来说，饮用灵芝水还可以起到软化血管的作用，可以预防疾病对身体的进一步损伤。患有高血脂的患者喝灵芝水，可以促进身体健康的恢复；并且对于身体虚弱的老年人来说，可以有效的提高身体素质。
3、防治心血管疾病
灵芝泡水喝，可以扩张我们的冠状动脉，增加血流量，那么心肌的微循环也可以得到很大的改善，长期坚持饮用的话，对于心肌缺血也有很好的保护作用，尤其对对于心绞痛、冠心病等疾病都可以起到很好的防治效果。
4、预防肿瘤
身体免疫力底下，那么肿瘤细胞就会入侵身体，进入身体再扩散，没有及时的医治的情况下，就会危及生命安全。灵芝泡水喝的话，可以有效的激活和调节身体内的免疫能力，可增强患者的免疫力；并且可以促使白细胞介素的生成速度大大提高，这样吞噬细胞的吞噬能力也可以增强，身体的造血能力也可以大大提高，对于癌细胞的抑制能力也可以增强，再加上一些药物还有手术进行辅佐，病魔自然就会远离。
https://www.puercn.com/huacha/gongxiao/188219.html
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/reishi-mushroom-benefits#TOC_TITLE_HDR_3
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326520#side-effects
https://www.verywellfit.com/the-benefits-of-ganoderma-89565
靈芝茶怎麼泡?
靈芝茶具有免疫調節、耐缺氧、抗疲勞的保健作用，是從靈芝中提煉精製而成的天然保健品。靈芝茶的應用範圍非常廣泛。靈芝茶入五臟，補全身之氣，心、肺、肝、脾、腎臟虛弱，均可服之。靈芝茶具有扶正固本，增強免疫，提高機體抵抗力的作用。它不同於一般藥物對某種疾病的治療作用，亦不同於一般營養保健食品只對某一方面營養素的不足進行補充和強化，而是在整體上雙向調節人體機能平衡，調動機體內部活力，調節人體新陳代謝機能，提高自身免疫能力，促使全部的內臟或器官機能正常化。而在靈芝茶選料上，以“赤靈芝”為佳，“紫靈芝”次之。
灵芝茶有什么功效?
原文網址：https://kknews.cc/health/9x886b5.html
1.靈芝銀耳茶
材料：靈芝5克，銀耳(幹)10克，白砂糖5克
做法：靈芝、銀耳用清水洗淨。銀耳泡發浸透後切成碎片，與靈芝置於杯中，注入適量沸水，蓋上杯蓋燜一夜。加入冰糖適量，攪拌均勻即可，分早中晚食用。
功效：保肝、安神、益智。銀耳能滋陰潤肺，故痰多清稀、屬脾陽不振而濕濁生痰者不宜服用。
2.靈芝甘草茶
材料：靈芝6克，甘草5克。
做法：將靈芝、甘草加水400毫升，煎煮20分鐘。
功效：補虛強身，安神定志。適用於遷延性肝炎。
原文網址：https://kknews.cc/health/9x886b5.html
1.抗腫瘤
靈芝可通過促進白細胞介素-2的生成，促進巨噬細胞的吞噬功能，提升人體的造血能力尤其是白細胞的指標水準，從而預防和抑制癌細胞的發生和發展。
2.保肝解毒
靈芝能促進肝臟對藥物、毒素的代謝，並可有效改善肝功能，使其相關指標趨於正常。
3.調節血管系統
靈芝能有效地擴張冠狀動脈，增加冠脈血流量，改善心肌微循環，增強心肌氧和能量的供給;靈芝可明顯降低血膽固醇、脂蛋白和甘油三脂，並能預防動脈粥樣硬化斑塊的形成。還可改善微循環，阻止血小板聚集。
4.抗衰老
靈芝所含的多糖、多肽等，能促進和調整免疫功能;調節代謝平衡，促進核酸和蛋白質的合成，抗自由基，還能顯著促進細胞核內DNA的合成能力，增加細胞的分裂代數。具有非常顯著的延緩衰老功效。
5.抗神經衰弱
傳統醫學稱靈芝能“安神”、“增智慧”、“不忘”。現代醫學證實，靈芝對神經衰弱、失眠有顯著效果，能有效調節中樞神經系統，鎮靜安神作用明顯
6.調節高血壓
據一醫院報告，將靈芝用於18例高血壓者，總有效率達88.9%。另有報導，將靈芝用於高血壓30例，總有效率為88.3%。
7.調節糖尿病
服用靈芝可改善血糖、尿糖症狀，能取代或減少胰島素用量。靈芝中水溶性多糖。可減輕非胰島素依賴型糖尿病的發病程度。
8.鎮咳祛痰平喘
靈芝對於緩解慢性支氣管炎的咳、痰、喘症狀及防止喘息發作有顯著效果。
9.抗過敏
實驗證明：靈芝可阻斷過敏反應介質的釋放，防止過敏反應的發生，對變態反應性或自身免疫性疾病，都有較好的效果。
10.美容養顏
靈芝可改善微循環、清除皮膚色素、提高身體機能、保持年輕態，使人容光煥發，青春長駐。 灵芝茶的10大功效 怎么泡好？
灵芝茶怎么泡?
灵芝茶具有免疫调节、耐缺氧、抗疲劳的保健作用，是从灵芝中提炼精制而成的天然保健品。灵芝茶的应用范围非常广泛。灵芝茶入五脏，补全身之气，心、肺、肝、脾、肾脏虚弱，均可服之。灵芝茶具有扶正固本，增强免疫，提高机体抵抗力的作用。它不同于一般药物对某种疾病的治疗作用，亦不同于一般营养保健食品只对某一方面营养素的不足进行补充和强化，而是在整体上双向调节人体机能平衡，调动机体内部活力，调节人体新陈代谢机能，提高自身免疫能力，促使全部的内脏或器官机能正常化。而在灵芝茶选料上，以“赤灵芝”为佳，“紫灵芝”次之。
靈芝的營養組成有哪些？
靈芝的多醣體和三萜類物質被公認為2種最有功效的成份 [1] [2]。多醣體是從靈芝子實體、孢子和菌絲體中提取 [3]，它能使身體充滿活力並幫助減少毒素，抑制和消除進入體內的致病性入侵者，如病毒、細菌和真菌 (念珠菌)，它還有抗腫瘤和免疫刺激作用。
三萜類物質，已被證明對身體有廣泛的有益作用，包括抗氧化、抗發炎、抗高血壓、抗細菌、抗病毒、抗哮喘、抗腫瘤、抗人類免疫缺陷病毒、膽固醇平衡、保肝等 [4]。
靈芝被推薦的實證功效、好處有哪些？
1.增強免疫力
食用靈芝可以讓身體透過抗體更快抵抗入侵的細菌或病毒來增強免疫系統，減少對身體的傷害。
💡2009 年研究證實，使用靈芝可以增強患者對感染的免疫反應[5]。靈芝可以強化白血球，當身體檢測到細菌和病毒侵入時能夠更快地反應，使細菌可以在對我們的身體造成進一步傷害之前被消滅 [6]。
2.使高血壓正常化
靈芝中的靈芝酸 B 和 C (ganoderic acid B and C) 可以幫助改善高血壓。
💡多項研究證明靈芝對心血管、高血壓有正面的作用，研究人員認為靈芝酸 B 和 C ，可以抑制我們血管中膽固醇的形成和合成[7] [8]。
3.保持肝臟健康強壯
食用靈芝可以幫助維持肝臟健康，可以減少肝臟中的毒素。
💡自 2000 年以來，已有 30 多項科學研究證明了這一點，同樣該研究也發現靈芝可以提高肝臟的再生率[9] [10]。靈芝可以提供全方位的肝臟保護。同時在肝臟受傷的情況下，靈芝會促進肝細胞繁殖，達成修復的目標。
4.幫助治療癌症
靈芝是眾多抗癌食品之一，多醣體體是目前已知具有抗腫瘤特性的成份。
💡研究表示它們可以保護細胞的 DNA 並防止突變成癌細胞。此外研究發現靈芝中的三萜類物質 (triterpene) 也具有抗癌特性，該成分可幫助去除癌細胞附著到內部細胞來阻止腫瘤生長和繁殖[11] [12]。
5.幫助長壽
靈芝抗衰老效果已被認可和讚揚數千年，古代煉金術士使用靈芝來尋求永生的方式。現代醫學也證明了靈芝擁有抗衰老的效果。
💡2013 年的研究發現，使用靈芝的受試者壽命比沒有使用靈芝的壽命長 9％ 到 20％ [13] [14]。靈芝分子中存在的抗氧化劑被認為是讓人長壽的原因 [15]。
6.減少落髮
使用靈芝可以幫助恢復年輕。具有遺傳傾向男性禿髮的患者，對頭皮中的二氫睪酮敏感，這是雄激素性脫髮的主要原因 [16]。
💡2005 年，日本科學家測試了 19 種不同的蘑菇，包括靈芝，想知道哪種蘑菇最能抑制 5α-還原酶，他們對大鼠肝臟和前列腺微粒體 (microsome) 進行了測試。結果靈芝在所有測試的蘑菇之中，顯示出 5α-還原酶減少的最高百分比，介於 70％ 和 80％ 之間[17]。
7.改善認知障礙
許多疾病目前還沒有治癒方法，包括阿茲海默症和亨丁頓舞蹈症等。靈芝適合刺激大腦的生長和更快恢復，靈芝的成份可以幫助大腦更順暢地工作，從而防止暫時或永久性的損害 。
💡研究發現，靈芝的萃取物能刺激大腦活動，具有一定的神經保護作用，特別是刺激神經生長更快，這是維持大腦健康的重要環節[18] [19]。
8.幫助治療關節發炎
關節炎是一種常見但未被充分了解的疾病，據記載，實際上有超過 100 種不同的關節炎和關節疾病。靈芝具有抗發炎作用，可以保護關節。
💡根據研究，靈芝有助於預防和緩解類風濕性關節炎 (rheumatoid arthritis) 和乾癬性關節炎 (psoriatic arthritis) 引起的疼痛，它針對導致發炎的自體免疫反應來做到這一點 [20] [21]。如果患有關節炎並想採取攝取保健品來保養的方式，使用靈芝是最佳的選擇之一 [22]。
9.幫助減肥
靈芝可以幫助改善消化系統，更有效地排出體內廢物，從而減輕體重。
💡在紐約 Memorial Sloan-Kettering 癌症中心進行的一項研究中，靈芝裡的活性成分，食用後可以提高新陳代謝率，可使身體更有效地的運用能量，並使食物更有效地消化，進而導致減肥。靈芝還可以提升血液提供氧氣的速度。根據Memorial Sloan-Kettering 癌症中心的說法，由於靈芝含有多醣體體，可以作為體內強大的解毒劑，多醣體體也可以促進身體自然癒合的過程，也被認為有助於消化 [23] [24]。
10.預防肉瘤的增殖
靈芝對肉瘤和其他腫瘤細胞產生顯著影響，它透過限制體內肉瘤誘導癌細胞的數量來預防癌症。
💡最近的研究發現，靈芝的成分對於肉瘤有關鍵作用，該實驗的重點是採用註射肉瘤細胞的小鼠，在使用高劑量的靈芝後，可以延緩小鼠的死亡時間[25]。
11.對心血管健康有益
食用靈芝可對心血管健康產生直接、正面的影響，靈芝中的活性成份具有降血脂、降低膽固醇和抗氧化的特性。
💡針對 398 名參與者進行了試驗，從結果可以得出結論，攝取靈芝有助於降低膽固醇、空腹血糖和體內三酸甘油酯，還有助於減輕糖尿病的症狀，特別是第二型糖尿病 [26]。改善膽固醇、血壓和低密度脂蛋白等，有益於心血管健康。
12.抗擊疲勞和抑鬱
靈芝除了對免疫系統有益，它還有其他潛在的優勢。初步研究，靈芝可以減少疲勞、焦慮和抑鬱，並改善某些疾病患者的生活品質。
💡一項對 132 例神經衰弱患者的研究，研究人員發現服使用靈芝
8 週受試者後疲勞減少，健康狀況得到改善 [27]。另一項研究發現，在 48 名乳腺癌倖存者中服用靈芝 4 週後，疲勞減少，生活品質得到改善，研究也發現受試者同時也減少了焦慮和憂鬱的症狀 [28]。
靈芝有副作用嗎？
主要有幾種特別的情況，應該避免使用靈芝，包括懷孕或哺乳、血液疾病、手術或低血壓的人 [29]。
1. 懷孕或哺乳：目前沒有足夠訊息來說明這些族群使用靈芝的安全性，應保持安全，避免使用。
2. 凝血功能不良、手術前2週的人群：高劑量的靈芝會使凝血速度延遲，增加出血風險。
3. 低血壓：靈芝可能有降血壓效果，為保安全，低血壓人群請避免使用靈芝。
靈芝屬[編輯]
| 靈芝屬 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ganoderma lucidum | |
科學分類 | |
| 界： | 真菌界 Fungi |
| 門： | 擔子菌門 Basidiomycota |
| 綱： | 傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes |
| 目： | 多孔菌目 Polyporales |
| 科： | 靈芝科 Ganodermataceae |
| 屬： | 靈芝屬 Ganoderma P.Karst（1881） |
| 模式種 | |
| Ganoderma lucidum （Curtis）P.Karst.（1881） | |
| 物種 | |
| |
靈芝屬（學名：Ganoderma），又稱木靈芝、神芝、芝草、仙草、瑞草，廣義上靈芝包括靈芝科及其近緣科屬的種類，狹義上則是指廣泛栽培的特定種類。[1]
紫芝含麥角固醇（Ergosterol）、有機酸（順蓖麻酸、延胡索酸等）、氨基葡萄糖、多糖類、樹脂、甘露醇等。
赤芝含麥角固醇、樹脂、脂肪酸、甘露醇和多糖類，又含生物鹼、內酯、香豆精、水溶性蛋白質和多種酶類。
形態[編輯]
赤芝菌蓋為腎形，上面赤褐色，有漆狀光澤和雲狀環紋，下面為淡黃色，有許多細孔；紅褐色有光澤的長菌柄。
歷史[編輯]
靈芝主要分布在中國大陸、台灣和日本。在中國，靈芝一詞最早出現在東漢張衡《西京賦》：「浸石菌於重涯，濯靈芝以朱柯」之中，但在更早的先秦古籍中就有有關於靈芝的記載。訖今發現最早關於靈芝的詳細記載的書籍是《太上靈寶芝草品》，此書介紹靈芝的服食和指導採集靈芝的圖譜，《太上靈寶芝草品》又是《道藏》的一部分，而《道藏》又是道教典集總集，所以靈芝在道教上又蒙上一層神秘的色彩。成書於東漢末年的《神農本草經》則更側重於靈芝的藥理藥性的介紹，《神農本草經》說靈芝：「養命以應天，無毒，多服久服不傷人，輕身益氣，不老延年。」明代李時珍所著的《本草綱目》記載靈芝乃「上藥」，所收芝類有青芝、赤芝、黃芝、白芝、黑芝、紫芝，亦為六種，每種均按釋名、集解、正誤、修治、氣味、主治、附方等項。按五行的哲理，白芝屬金、青芝屬木、黑芝屬水、赤芝和紫芝屬火、黃芝屬土。靈芝味甘、微苦，藥性平和，主要功能是補中益氣，養心安神，用於虛勞羸弱、食慾不振、心悸怔仲、失眠健忘以及咳痰喘息，久嗽不止。現還用於促進心腦血管系統健康，以及改善神經衰弱、慢性呼吸系統毛病等[2]。
生長環境[編輯]
靈芝一般生長在濕度高且光線昏暗的山林中，主要生長在腐樹或是其樹木的根部，而不是像一些文藝作品中介紹的長在松柏的枝上。靈芝不是植物，自身不能進行光合作用，只能從其他有機物或是腐樹中攝取養料。靈芝是一種堅硬、多孢子和微帶苦澀的大型真菌。當達到成熟期的靈芝就會噴出粉狀的孢子，從而進行繁殖。現在野生的靈芝已經很少見，且品質不容易控制，當今以中國海南島產量最多，菌種最豐富，市場上大部分都是人工種植的，中國大陸比較出名的人工種植靈芝的產地是福建省武夷山。另台灣研究靈芝較出名的靈芝產地有臺北、石碇與花蓮。
靈芝的分類學新發現[編輯]
靈芝是中國著名的藥用蕈類，世界上年產值1000億新台幣。數十年來，國際上一直以Ganoderma lucidum作為靈芝的學名。然而，經國立自然科學博物館吳聲華博士進行兩岸學術合作，發現東亞地區栽培的靈芝為世界新種。靈芝的正型標本採自湖北武漢附近森林，保存於台灣國立自然科學博物館。[3][4]
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